v0.9 2006-02-18
G
Accept As True
Suppose, Think Possible
E
Go Around, Surround
R
R
Adornments
G
Favorable Circumstances or State
W
Contrast
Understand
A
20
Violence, Harm, Destroy, Kill
L
Ripen, Produce Fruit, Bear Seed
Touch, Feel
E
Socio-Political
C
Relief from Trouble
E
Festivals
51
Kinship Relations of the Same Generation
C
D
Recalling and Responding with Appropriate Action
F
Basis
Come/Go Up, Ascend
J
F
Dedicate, Consecrate
Sociopolitical Areas
K
B
High, Low, Deep
A
Goodness
Well Known, Clearly Shown, Revealed
C
29
Memory and Recall
28
Know
Same or Equivalent Kind or Class
E
Breathe, Breath
J
Argue, Quarrel
Y'
Attendant Circumstances
M
Wind
B
Source of Event or Activity
C
Q
Abhor
B
Learn the Location of Something
40
Reconciliation, Forgiveness
A
Religious Practice
Enjoy, Take Pleasure In, Be Fond of Doing
J
M
Pray
Guide, Discipline, Follow
36
N
Peaceful Behavior
Addition
Q
Accurate, Inaccurate
B
Soft, Tender
U
A
Put Together, Arrange (of physical objects)
12
Supernatural Beings and Powers
Opposition, Hostility
A
Fire
C
35
Help, Care For
H
Building Materials
Earth, Mud, Sand, Rock
E
A
Number, Countless
A Sense represents the lexical semantics for a single Greek term (lemma, idiom, or inflected form with unique semantics). Louw-Nida sometimes includes multiple terms under the same sense: for example, 33.440 has the sense of 'dispute', and includes two different terms. Here, these senses are treated as different instances with a shared senseID.
An rdfs:label with a language attribute (en for English, grc for Koine Greek) should be used to represent the lemma. Instances of this class are uniquely identified by a combination of their Greek rdfs:label (or transliteration) and their gloss, e.g. 'hUBRIZO' + 'insult'.
Name
I
Be in a Place
A
Fruit Parts of Plants
D
D'
Invite
R
Two-dimentional and Three-Dimensional Shapes
G
Color
D
Leave, Depart, Flee, Escape, Send
Experiencer
M
Happen
D
Assert, Declare
P
B
More Than, Less Than (Comparative Degree)
A
Animals
Act Lawlessly
R
Maritime Activities
54
I
Come/Go Onto
C
Pass, Cross Over, Go Through, Go Around
Kiss, Embrace
I
D
Part
Religious Activities
53
Markers of Identificational and Explanatory Clauses (Epexegetical)
E
C
To Think Concerning Future Contingencies
A Point of Time with Reference to Duration of Time: Beginning, End
C
B
Continue
G
Elevated Land Formations
F
Dig
Word, Passage
B
V
Drive Along, Carry Along
Cause and/or Reason
G
I
Above, Below
Steal, Rob
U
Call
C'
L'
Sin, Wrongdoing, Guilt
C
Obey, Disobey
P
Distribution
Lend, Loan, Interest, Borrow, Bank
Q
Bend Over, Straighten Up
H
D
Whom or What Spoken or Written About
Activities Involving Clothing and Adorning
49
Custom, Tradition
B
Plant Products
S
N
Population Centers
Earn, Gain, Do Business
P
C'
Hypocrisy, Pretense
Cloth, Leather, and Objects Made of Such Materials
Q
D
Cease, Stop
Slave, Free
E
15
Linear Movement
Question, Answer
N
Dissociation
U
B
Speaker and Those Associated with the Speaker (exclusive and inclusive)
48
Activities Involving Cloth
Strife, Struggle
E
Lie
G
Pair, Group (Numbered Collectives)
G
D
Judicial Hearing, Inquiry
F
Easy, Light
13
Be, Become, Exist, Happen
Attorney, Lawyer
G
Compel, Force
B
D
Hope, Look Forward To
Furniture
O
Tire, Rest
F
B
Appearance as an Outward Manifestation of Form
I
Pattern, Model, Example, and Corresponding Representation
Violence
A
Keep Silent
H
G
Weapons and Armor
A Point of Time without Reference to Other Points of Time; Time, Occasion, Ever, Often
A
Treat Badly
P
Experience Trouble, Hardship
B
Moral and Ethical Qualities and Related Behavior
88
C
Parts and Areas of Buildings
Admit, Confess, Deny
V
Arrange, Organize
62
General Sensory Perception
G
Break, Break Through
D
Accuse, Blame
V'
Kindness, Harshness
I
Treasure
D
K
Spend, Waste
Foretell, Tell Fortunes
X
H
Add, Subtract
A
Elements
A
Have, Possess, Property, Owner
Markers of Emphasis
B
B
Have Sufficient
45
Building, Constructing
E
Traps, Snares
H
Fasting
52
Funerals and Burial
Cause Trouble, Hardship
C
Impurity
H'
True, False
A
B
Join, Begin to Associate
E
Philosophical
Control, Restrain
A
Remain, Stay
C
A
Heavy, Light
41
Behavior and Related States
Sacrilege
L
L
Agent in a Causative Role Marked by Verbs
Visit
F
Much, Little (Masses, Collectives, Extensions)
B
Surprise, Astonish
T
A
General
65
Value
22
Trouble, Hardship, Relief, Favorable Circumstances
B
Lawsuit, Case
R
Shame, Disgrace, Humilation
Inform, Announce
O
J
Condition
Entrust To the Care Of
E
B
Left, Right, Straight Ahead, Opposite
H
Health, Vigor, Strength
K
Happy, Glad, Joyful
Worship, Reverence
G
V
Envy, Jealousy
D
Leave in a Place
I
Land in Contrast With the Sea
Case
90
C'
Perfect
B
Kinship Relations Involving Successive Generations
Physical (Material), Spiritual
A
S
Exploit
Bless, Curse
C''
Good, Bad
C
J
Units of Time with Reference to Other Units or Points of Time: Yesterday, Today, Next Day
Space
80
Vehicles
I
Pride (legitimate)
S
B
Offering, Sacrifice
Duration of Time with Reference to Some Unit of Time: During, In, While, Throughout
G
C
Provide For, Support
B
Travel, Journey
2
Natural Substances
Musical Instruments
L
Rolled Up
A'
Able To Be Known
D
D
Around, About, Outside
Sensory Events and States
24
Physical Impact
19
Recline (to eat)
F
Marker of Direct Address
D
A
Court of Justice
Preach, Proclaim
S
Much, Little (Positive-Negative Degree)
A
E
Events Involving Liquids and Dry Masses
A
Function
Z'
Oppose, Contradict
B
Do, Perform
Pay, Price, Cost
L
B
Worth, Not Worthy
E
Need, Lack
C
Complete, Finish, Succeed
A superclass of domains 1-12 (see the Introduction to Louw-Nida)
C
Receptor, Receptors
F
Relative Reference
Rapidity, Suddenness
G
At, Beside, Near, Far
E
50
Contests and Play
Desert, Forsake
H
C
All, Any, Each, Every (Totality)
D
Kinship Relations Based upon Marriage
O
Bad, Evil, Harmful, Damaging
A
Affirmation
H
Gentleness, Mildness
S
Be a Financial Burden
Speak Truth, Speak Falsehood
R
Extension From a Source
A
Q
Teach
F
Seize, Take into Custody
B
Extension To a Goal
Fall
L
Despite, Scorn, Contempt
Y
Know
A
Artifacts
6
71
Mode
Danger
A
Constructions for Holding Water
E
A
Help
B
Serve
T
Act Shamefully
S
Sharp
Military Activities
55
Duration of Time without Reference to Points or Units of Time: Time, Spend Time, Always, Eternal, Old, Immediately, Young
E
A'
Advise
A
Begin, Start
B
Organize (of events and states)
67
Time
Grasp, Hold
A
Psychological Faculties
26
H
Imprison
27
Learn
N
Manner
82
Spacial Orientations
H'
Recommend, Propose
Where, Somewhere, Everywhere
B
C
Birth, Procreation
C
Regions Below the Surface of the Earth
Content, Satisfied
G
Y
Promise
Understand
32
D
A Point of Time with Reference to Units of Time: Midday, Midnight, Late
Swim
H'
E
Reciprocal Reference
C
Safe, Free from Danger
Be Willing
E
O
Sequential Addition
C
First, Second, Third, Etc. (Ordinals)
Sickness, Disease, Weakness
I
L
Govermental Administrative Areas
Drunkenness
K'
Nature, Character
A
Strong, Weak
M
B'
Large, Small
C
Ease or Difficulty in Understanding
G
Live, Die
P
Offend, Be Offended
B
Places
63
Whole, Unite, Part, Divide
G
Increase, Decrease
Containers
P
C
Solid, Liquid
B
Forgiveness
Important, Unimportant
F
G
Metals
D
Care For, Take Care Of
Natural (Human), Spiritual
B
Courage, Boldness
N
Harm, Wound
B
Atmospheric Objects
E
Gossip
Q'
E
Come Near, Approach
Change Behavior
E
B
Supernatural Powers
H
Lead Off to Punishment
Position, Rank
A
K
Spotted, Spotless
Hold a Wrong View, Be Mistaken
B
G
Welcome, Receive
D
Taste
A
Eat, Drink
D
Become Safe, Free from Danger
Z
Wrapped
F
Light
One, Two, Three, Etc. (Cardinals)
B
P
Uneven (Rough), Level (Smooth)
Instruments Used in Binding and Fastening
D
E
Not Able To Be Known, Secret
C
Exist
Come/Go In Front Of
P
Lights and Light Holders
N
Accusation
C
D
Perfect, Perfection
Spacial Extensions
84
O
Wet, Dry
74
Able, Capable
Z
Mediation
C
Smell
Relation
A
B
Processes Involving the Mouth, Other Than Eating and Drinking
See
A
G
Humility
Exchange
J
A
Universe, Creation
Equivalence
S
U
Mislead, Lead Astray, Deceive
25
Attitudes and Emotions
F
Be Eager, Be Earnest, In a Devoted Manner
Praise
K'
Half, Third, Fourth (Fractional Part)
D
Tax, Tribute
N
47
Activities Involving Liquids or Masses
E
Cause To Be Safe, Free from Danger
A
To Think, Thought
A
Valuable, Lacking in Value
Fear, Terror, Alarm
V
Abundance, Excess, Sparing
F
Come/Go Behind
Q
Riot
H
Defiled, Unclean, Common
D
D
Kill
K
Concession
A
Storing of Information
Miscellaneous Constructions
G
Honesty, Sincerity
E
D
Children
Burning
H
New, Old (primarily non-temporal)
K
C
Purify, Cleanse
G
To Distinguish, To Evaluate, To Judge
78
Degree
Animal Husbandry, Fishing
44
Hot, Lukewarm, Cold
N
G
Separate
Follow, Be a Disciple
D
Plants That Are Not Trees
C
Miscellaneous
W
I
Definite Units of Time: Year, Month, Week, Day, Hour
Mercy, Merciless
J
Discourse Referentials
92
E
Press
J
Marriage, Divorce
A
Punish
Plants
3
E
To Decide, To Conclude
B
Air
J
Instruments Used in Marking and Writing
Linkage
R
A
Supernatural Beings
31
Hold a View, Believe, Trust
Birds
B
B
Buildings
Come/Go Down, Descend
K
Viewpoint Participant
E
Arrogance, Haughtiness, Pride
A'
G
Hand Over, Betray
Be Willing To Learn
E
Have an Opinion, Hold a View
A
F
Modesty, Propriety
I
Receive
D
Work, Toil
23
Physiological Processes and States
D
Imitate Behavior
Show Hospitality
H
G
Sing, Lament
Power, Force
76
E
Establish or Confirm a Relation
H
Sweet, Bitter, Tasteless
9
People
Low Status or Rank (including persons of low status)
D
Run
D'
K
Self-Control, Lack of Self-Control
Fragrance, Odor
I
Prostrate as an Act of Reverence or Supplication
E
Keep Records
T
Lack of Capacity for Understanding
E
Distinctive, Unique
G
B
Recall from Memory
Come, Come To, Arrive
F
Male, Female
V
B
Change of State
B
Known (the content of knowledge)
Plants
A
E
Glorious
Come/Go Prior To
O
X
Anger, Be Indignant With
Law, Regulation, Ordinance
G'
8
Body, Body Parts, and Body Products
J
Interpret, Mean, Explain
Limit or Avoid Association
D
Intercede
I'
B
Pierce, Cut
W
Lead, Bring, Take
Agriculture
43
B
Limits, Boundaries of Space
B
Pound, Talent (Specific Units of Weight)
Resistance
C
Insult, Slander
P'
Precious and Semiprecious Stones and Substances
F
Flatter
L'
Hostility, Strife
39
Whole
A
34
Association
T
Medicines
T
E
Once, Twice, Three Times, Etc. (Cardinals of Time)
B''
Swear, Put Under Oath, Vow
B
Unite
A
Human Beings
D
Language Levels
Believe To Be True
F
Rebuke
T'
Gather, Cause To Come Together
M
Z
Hate, Hateful
C
Application and Removal of Liquids or Masses
C
Particular Patterns of Behavior
Sleep, Waking
E
Instruments for Measuring
V
Animals
4
Sound
I
A
Artifacts
S'
Criticize
B
Males
A
Language
Geographical Objects And Features
1
Specific Measures of Volume
E
D
Open Constructions
Groups and Classes of Persons and Members of Such Groups and Classes
11
F
Walls and Fences
Reconciliation
A
C
Negation Combined with Clitics
D
Soldiers, Officers
89
Relations
E
Non-Fruit Parts of Plants
B
Instrument
61
Sequence
I
Trust, Rely
69
Affirmation, Negation
O
Sell, Buy, Price
Alternative Relation
X
Images and Idols
M
Money and Monetary Units
K
Stubbornness
B'
U
Pursue, Follow
A
Behavior, Conduct
Persons
A
Pastures and Cultivated Lands
O
Split, Tear
C
Instruments Used in Agriculture and Husbandry
B
M
Areas Which Are Uninhabited or Only Sparsely Populated
Rear, Bring Up
F
To Choose, To Select, To Prefer
F
73
Genuine, Phony
Desire Strongly
B
I'
Roll
H
Boats and Parts of Boats
46
Household Activites
Expose Oneself to Danger
B
C
Learn Something Against Someone
F
Speak, Talk
L
Conquer
Be a Believer, Christian Faith
J
Acknowledge
D
Insist
E'
Prisoners of War
E
72
True, False
Prophesy
A''
Mix
C
C
High Status or Rank (including persons of high status)
Dance
F'
F
Content
Act Harshly
Q
Discourse Types
C
A
Constructions
Magic
J
Kneel
C
Spacial Positions
83
C
Love, Affection, Compassion
Narrow, Wide
D
Baptize
E
Exercise Authority
C
Water
D
Fishes and Other Sea Creatures
E
L
Blemished, Unblemished
Guard, Watch Over
I
X
Open, Closed
C
Prompters of Attention
C
Physiological Products of the Body
C
Instruments Used in Fishing
K
Ambush
H
Result
Rule, Govern
D
Agent of a Numerable Event
K
Body
A
Archetype, Corresponding Type
J
56
Courts and Legal Procedures
Hit, Strike
A
C
Rain
Attack
J
75
Adequate, Qualified
Weather
A
Obtain Justice
F
Among, Between, In, Inside
C
G'
Fly
B
Trees
Pure, Unadulterated, Undiluted
T
Long, Short, Far
C
Division
B
C
Derivation
Walk, Step
C'
B
Discipline, Train
Negation
B
F
Be Ready To Learn, Pay Attention
General Blood Relations
A
Mature Behavior
M
C
Basic Principles or Features Defining the Nature of Something
Y
Covered Over
G
Take, Obtain, Gain, Lose
Persecution
I
Indefinite Units of Time: Age, Lifetime, Interval, Period
H
5
Foods and Condiments
Clean, Dirty
J
Grow, Growth
K
S
Come/Go With, Travel With
Unusual, Different From the Ordinary
H
K
Exorcism
D
Markers for an Affirmative Response to Questions
Dispute, Debate
X'
A
Stand
18
Attachment
W
Resentful, Hold a Grudge Against
Put, Place
B
E
Try, Attempt
60
Number
Class, Kind
D
B
Come To Understand
F
Wood and Wood Products
To Think About, with the Implied Purpose of Responding Appropriately
B
Written Language
E
B
Parts of the Body
U'
Warn
Thunder and Lightning
D
Remnant
E
E
Enough, Sufficient
D
Ethnic-Cultural
Movement of the Earth
J
Give
H
Be Poor, Be Needy, Poverty
F
E
Up To, As Much As, To the Degree That (Marked Extent of Degree)
F'
Command, Order
Come/Go Into
H
D
Difficult, Hard
Movement with Speed
A'
F
Transparent
21
Danger, Risk, Safe, Save
Persons For Whom There Is Affectionate Concern
E
Laziness, Idleness
F'
Sorrow, Regret
W
Real, Unreal
70
L
Means
30
Think
Patience, Endurance, Perseverance
O
Army
C
Constructions
7
Reptiles and Other 'Creeping Things'
D
E
Craft, Trade
E
Judge, Condemn, Acquit
A
Foods
Belong To, Be Included in the Membership of, Be Excluded From
C
Weight
86
I
Purpose
A
Desire, Want, Wish
D
Yielding
Just, Righteous
B
Depressions and Holes
H
58
Nature, Class, Example
W
Agree
J'
Sexual Misbehavior
37
Control, Rule
H
On, Upon, On the Surface Of
85
Existence in Space
W'
Defend, Excuse
Aspect
68
B'
Urge, Persuade
G
Opposite, Over Against, Across From, Offshore From
Follow, Accompany
T
N
Disperse, Scatter
Insects
C
A
State
Heavenly Bodies
D
V
Combinative Relation
Release, Set Free
J
About, Approximately, Almost, Hardly (Approximate Degree)
C
H
Acceptable To, To be Pleased With
C
Extension Along a Path
Y
Pull, Draw, Drag
87
Status
B
Fasten, Stick to
L
Sensible Behavior, Senseless Behavior
D
Sexual Relations
Hire, Rent Out
M
Profess Allegiance
U
B
Socio-Religious
Divide
F
N'
Foolish Talk
A
Learn
Double, Four Times As Much, Etc. (Multiples)
F
Comparison
64
G
Rebellion
Darkness
G
Names of Persons and Places
93
Thankful, Grateful
I
57
Possess, Transfer, Exchange
Discourse Markers
91
U
Perfumes and Incense
Destroy
C
In Front Of, Face To Face, In Back Of, Behind
F
Hear
B
Speaker
A
F
Save in a Religious Sense
Roles and Functions
I
E
Dwell, Reside
Witness, Testify
T
Extravagant Living, Intemperate Living
G'
A
Space, Place
38
Punish, Reward
Here, There
A
Make, Create
C
Prostrate
D
Opposition
H
X
Discouragement
16
Non-Linear Movement
Movement of Liquids or Masses
A
D
Beautiful, Ugly
Trouble, Hardship, Distress
A
E'
Jump, Leap
B
Sit
P
Thoroughfares: Roads, Streets, Paths, etc.
A
Measure, To Measure
J
Beyond, On the Other Side Of
Regions Above The Earth
B
Dependency
B
E'
Being a Busybody
H
Emphatic Adjunct
To Intend, To Purpose, To Plan
D
E
Markers for a Negative Response to Questions
F
Pain, Suffering
B
Use of Liquids
Threaten
Z
Worry, Anxiey, Distress, Peace
U
L
Converse, Discuss
F
The Earth's Surface
F
Instruments Used in Punishment and Execution
Guide, Lead
A
J
Reason Participant
Quantity
59
Females
C
Spacial Dimensions
81
Recognize
G
42
Perform, Do
Holy, Pure
C
A
Agent, Personal or Nonpersonal, Causative or Immediate, Direct or Indirect
W
Shapes
14
Physical Events and States
Goal-Oriented Movement
B'
Guarantor Participant with Oaths
G
E
Assign to a Role or Function
Condiments
B
F
Duration of Time with Reference to Some Point of Time: Until, Delay, Still, From
Owe, Debt, Cancel
R
B
A Point of Time with Reference to Other Points of Time; Before, Long Ago, Now, At the Same Time, When, About, After
Rot, Decay
M
Many, Few (Countables)
A
Complain
O'
M
Encouragement, Consolation
H
Change an Opinion Concerning Truth
Y
Substance
Move, Come/Go
A
Laugh, Cry, Groan
L
C
Agree, Consent
F
Specific Measures of Length
J
Bodies of Water
Completely, Enough (Completive Degree)
D
Communication
33
Relations Involving Correspondence (Isomorphisms)
E
J'
Thanks
Licentiousness, Perversion
I'
Ready, Prepared
77
Specification
D
17
Stances and Events Related to Stances
F
Do Intensely or Extensively
C
Not Remembering, Forgetting
N
To Cause To Experience
Features of Objects
79
Proper, Improper
66
F
Revenge
Z
Throw, Hurl
I
Benefaction
A
Markers of Transition
Non-Verbal Communication
D''
M'
Boast
Associate
A
Kinship
10
D
Full, Empty
D
Capacity for Understanding
R'
Mock, Ridicule
X
Carry, Bear
Be Rich, Be Wealthy
C
Different Kind or Class
F
G
Return
D
Useful, Useless
Show Favoritism, Prejudice
D'
Try To Learn
D
Adopt
G
Demonstrative or Deictic Reference
G
B
Honor or Respect in Relation to Status
A
To Arm
Q
Straight, Crooked
B
Reward, Recompense
North, South, East, West
A
To Fight
B
Advantageous, Not Advantageous
E
Responsibility
D
A numeric index to the semantic domains in Louw-Nida, ranging from 1 to 93.
The sense index from Louw-Nida. This combines a domain ID and an index within that domain: for example, metanoia is "41.52", where 41 is the domain for Behavior and Related States. In Louw-Nida, multiple terms may be grouped under the same sense: these are distinguished here by an additional sequential index, e.g. "33.440.1" and "33.440.2".
In their Introduction, Louw and Nida comment that more generic sense tend to occur toward the beginnings of a domain or subdomain, and more specialized ones later, though not as a strict ordering.
An index into the WordNet 2.1 lexicon
A character index to the semantic subdomains in Louw-Nida. This starts at "A": the maximum number depends on the domain, and some domains have no subdomains at all. For domains with more than 26 subdomains, the next value after Z is A', and the next value after Z' is A''.
Noun
Adverb
Demonstrative
RelativePronoun
Particle
PersonalPronoun
InterrogativePronoun
Article
Preposition
Interjection
Conjunction
Adjective
Verb