1.0 The Standard Upper Ontology (SUO) is not available in RDF or OWL format as of March 2004: so the namespace reference is simply a placeholder for when one becomes available. The names here are as transliterated in the English Standard Version (ESV), copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Man SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 The class of &%Male &%Humans. Natural Language SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 The &%subclass of &%HumanLanguages which are not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This &%Class includes all of the national languages, e.g. English, Spanish, Japanese, etc. Note that this class includes dialects of natural languages. SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A &%WaterArea whose &%Water is saline, e.g. oceans and seas. Salt Water Area Group SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A &%Collection of &%Agents, e.g. a flock of sheep, a herd of goats, or the local Boy Scout troop. City SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A &%LandArea of relatively small size, inhabited by a community of people, and having some sort of political structure. Note that this class includes both large cities and small settlements like towns, villages, hamlets, etc. SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A &%Group whose &%members originate from the same &%GeographicArea or share the same &%Language and/or cultural practices. Ethnic Group SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A &%Group whose &%members share a belief or set of beliefs. For NTN, this covers groups defined by a particular set of beliefs (orthodox or heretical) which are informal, rather than formal, in membership and activity. Belief Group SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 Any &%Group whose &%members are exclusively &%Humans. Group of People SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 &%Propositions are &%Abstract entities that express a complete thought or a set of such thoughts. As an example, the formula '(instance Yojo Cat)' expresses the &%Proposition that the entity named Yojo is an element of the &%Class of Cats. Note that propositions are not restricted to the content expressed by individual sentences of a &%Language. They may encompass the content expressed by theories, books, and even whole libraries. It is important to distinguish &%Propositions from the &%ContentBearingObjects that express them. A &%Proposition is a piece of information, e.g. that the cat is on the mat, but a &%ContentBearingObject is an &%Object that represents this information. A &%Proposition is an abstraction that may have multiple representations: strings, sounds, icons, etc. For example, the &%Proposition that the cat is on the mat is represented here as a tring of graphical characters displayed on a monitor and/or printed on paper, but it can be represented by a sequence of sounds or by some non-latin alphabet or by some cryptographic form SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 Any &%SelfConnectedObject that expresses information. SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 An &%Organization that is a &%Government, a &%subOrganization of a &%Government, or an &%Organization that is attempting to bring about some sort of political change. State or Province SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 Administrative subdivisions of a &%Nation that are broader than any other political subdivisions that may exist. This &%Class includes the states of the United States, as well as the provinces of Canada and European countries. Here it covers both provinces and districts. Nation SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 The broadest &%GeopoliticalArea, i.e. &%Nations are &%GeopoliticalAreas that are not part of any other overarching and comprehensive governance structure (excepting commonwealths and other sorts of loose international organizations). Note that modern nations referred to in the New Testament (Spain, Italy, Libya) are typically not instances of Nation, but rather of Region (if the borders are indefinite) or of LandArea. SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A &%WaterArea whose &%Water is not saline, e.g. most rivers and lakes. Fresh Water Area Cognitive Agent SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A &%SentientAgent with responsibilities and the ability to reason, deliberate, make plans, etc. This is essentially the legal/ethical notion of a person. Note that, although &%Human is a subclass of &%CognitiveAgent, there may be instances of &%CognitiveAgent which are not also instances of &%Human. For example, chimpanzees, gorillas, dolphins, whales, and some extraterrestrials (if they exist) may be &%CognitiveAgents. SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 An element of an alphabet, a set of numerals, etc. Note that a &%Character may or may not be part of a &%Language. &%Character is a subclass of &%SymbolicString, because every instance of &%Character is an alphanumeric sequence consisting of a single element. Populace A group identified by common residence in a City or StateOrProvince. At the level of Nation, this should generally be EthnicGroup. Unlike EthnicGroup, they need not have cultural or ethnic features in common. Geographic Area SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A geographic location, generally having definite boundaries. Note that this differs from its immediate superclass &%Region in that a &%GeographicArea is a three-dimensional &%Region of the earth. Accordingly, all astronomical objects other than earth and all one-dimensional and two-dimensional &%Regions are not classed under &%GeographicArea. Geopolitical Area SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 Any &%GeographicArea which is associated with some sort of political structure. This class includes &%Lands, &%Cities, districts of cities, counties, etc. Note that the identity of a &%GeopoliticalArea may remain constant after a change in borders. Object SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 Corresponds roughly to the class of ordinary objects. Examples include normal physical objects, geographical regions, and locations of &%Processes, the complement of &%Objects in the &%Physical class. In a 4D ontology, an &%Object is something whose spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the time-axis. The attribute of ascribing to a ReligiousBeliefSystem (which includes philosophies). MILO: &%FixedHoliday is the class of &%Holidays whose observance is fixed to recurrences of the calendar day that the holiday commemorates. Mountain Wordnet: "a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill. " Used here for things referred to as "mount", even though some of these might seem like hills to well-traveled observers. SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 Something or someone that can act on its own and produce changes in the world. Agent Evil Supernatural Being Class including Satan and other malevolent supernatural beings. Supposed or imaginary deities are of class SupernaturalBeing. SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A body which is made up predominantly of water, e.g. rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. Water Area The attribute of belonging to a particular ethnic group, or originating from a GeographicArea. Unlike Residency, which can change, Ethnicity is considered permanent. Belonging to the citizenry of a country (e.g. Roman). Woman SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 The class of &%Female &%Humans. A system of religious beliefs, or a philosophy. Supernatural Being A CognitiveAgent that is not limited to the physical world SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 An &%Organization is a corporate or similar institution. The &%members of an &%Organization typically have a common purpose or function. Note that this class also covers divisions, departments, etc. of organizations. For example, both the Shell Corporation and the accounting department at Shell would both be instances of &%Organization. Note too that the existence of an &%Organization is dependent on the existence of at least one &%member (since &%Organization is a subclass of &%Collection). Accordingly, in cases of purely legal organizations, a fictitious &%member should be assumed. SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 An area which is predominantly solid ground, e.g. a &%Nation, a mountain, a desert, etc. Note that a &%LandArea may contain some relatively small &%WaterAreas. For example, Australia is a &%LandArea even though it contains various rivers and lakes. Land Area The attribute of living in a particular City or Province. Unlike Ethnicity, which is permanent, Residency can change. For latitude and longitude: handled more generally in SUO Geographic Coordinate Island SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A &%LandArea that is completely surrounded by a &%WaterArea. God Self-documenting An organization of propositions into an identifiable belief system. A person who holds to a belief system can be considered a member of the corresponding BeliefGroup. The attribute of ascribing to a PoliticalBeliefSystem, or belonging to a political party or system. Human SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 Modern man, the only remaining species of the Homo genus. SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 A &%Text consisting of multiple self-contained units. Some examples are an encyclopedia containing a couple dozen volumes, a television series made up of many episodes, a film serial, etc. Both Human and God Son of God SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 An &%Organization whose members share a set of religious beliefs. Religious Organization Region SUO 1.55: July 14, 2003 The &%subclass of &%HumanLanguages which are not designed and which evolve from generation to generation. This &%Class includes all of the national languages, e.g. English, Spanish, Japanese, etc. Note that this class includes dialects of natural languages. Attributes of people, overlapping with the class hierarchy under suo:Group: this is unsatisfactory. political belief Holding to a PoliticalBelief child of Consistent with http://purl.org/vocab/relationship vocabulary. resident place The location a person or group of people resides in. Range values may change over time: no attempt to capture this. collaborates with Consistent with http://purl.org/vocab/relationship vocabulary. A smaller GeographicArea is a subregionOf a larger one (e.g. Jerusalem is a subregionOf Israel). native place Birthplace, or place in which a person grows up. Unlike residentOf, only one possible value. Inverse of subregionOf Consistent with http://purl.org/vocab/relationship vocabulary. knows of religious belief Having a ReligiousBelief as an attribute Places that a human visited. For current purposes, only instances which are explicitly mentioned in Scripture are included, not those that might be inferred (e.g. if going from from A to B implies visiting C, C would not be listed). visited place Louw-Nida identifier, keying specific Greek terms (and their English translations) to their taxonomy of semantic domains. A string like "33.X'.439" identifies the term sumballo, which can be translated as "to express differences of opinion in a forceful way". In their scheme, this has domain index 33 (Communication), with sub-domain index X' (Dispute, Debate). The final integer index uniquely defines this term (but the same term may have multiple senses). The sub-domain index can be determined from the term index, but it seems helpful to include both. Note the possible values of the sub-domain index are A-Z, then A'-Z', etc. description A brief description of the salient aspects of a Human, based on their being mentioned in Scripture. This is not the way to enter dictionary-style definitions. Consistent with http://purl.org/vocab/relationship vocabulary. sibling of spouse of Consistent with http://purl.org/vocab/relationship vocabulary. Group has member Human. Inverse of memberOf. No provision for membership changes over time. member member of Human is a memberOf a Group. Inverse of member. There are subtleties about Collections in SUMO that i'm omiting here. parent of Consistent with http://purl.org/vocab/relationship vocabulary. Chorazin Pontius Tiberias Athens Athenians Esau Ruth Cyrene Josiah High Priest Jerusalem Melea Galatia Jericho Hellenists Saul Samaritans Lysias Jorim Euphrates Quartus Epaphras Asiarchs Philologus Ampliatus Joppa Nicolaitans Samaria Chuza City southeast of the Sea of Galilee. Not mentioned in Scripture as such, but "the country of the Gadarenes" (Matt 8.28) takes its name from this city. Part of the Decapolis. Gadara Iscariot Adam Abiathar Greeks Nathanael Pilate Romans Areopagite Apollos Syrophoenician Joanna Ituraea Hosea Phoebe Abijah Shealtiel Eunice Tiberius Eubulus Methuselah Magadan Rephan Barabbas Nazareth Rachel Judah Manasseh Gallio Messiah Tychicus Samaritan Hamor Zerubbabel Thessalonica Eleazar Enoch Junia Myra Onesimus Sosipater Elijah Heli Bethsaida Golgotha Tyrannus Alexandrians Alexandria Elamites Antipatris Jechoniah Ramah Clement Nereus Dalmanutha A Roman legion Italian Cohort Cauda Jonah Cnidus Kidron Anna Phoenicia Hagar Aaron Claudia Justus Emmaus Pharisee Narcissus Shelah Sodom Jason Bartimaeus Antipas Greek Rehoboam Sarah Paul Beor Claudius Stephen Berea Elmadam Arabia Augustan Cohort A Roman legion. Ephesus Jacob Zadok Mattathias Zarephath Crete Ahaz Iconium Dionysius Noah Sinai Gethsemane Jesus Capernaum Cenchreae Nicopolis Obed Neapolis Demetrius Nicodemus Esli Babylon Aenon Mysia Patara Eve Asia Haran Adramyttium Dorcas Adriatic Egypt Part of the ancient empire of Persia, though under Roman domination in New Testmament times. Hebrew Scriptures Sala Chloe Candace Cana Magog Mitylene Cananaean Hermogenes Parmenas Thomas Joda Seth Abilene Jude Jordan Christians Apollyon Lucius Uriah Bethphage Amos Baal Amphipolis Arni Gaza Italy Alpha Fortunatus Bethany Gerasenes Gadarenes Naggai Manaen Simeon Hebrews Bernice Nathan Ptolemais Philemon Sons of Thunder Boanerges Jesus' nickname for two of his disciples: James, the son of Zebedee, and John, his brother. Jewish Christ Mary Epicurean Asyncritus Naaman Caesar Herodion Antioch Stoic Ephesians Philadelphia Aquila Matthias Perga Prisca Lasea Israelite Shechem Matthew Aramaic Damascus Beelzebul Blastus Jambres Pharaoh Bethesda Colossae Caiaphas Julius Akeldama Aretas Lazarus Hermas Isaiah Patrobas Eliakim Naphtali Troas Areopagus Crescens Syntyche Seleucia Timaeus Korah Ethiopians Moses Belial Pergamum Serug Agabus Epaphroditus Phygelus Eliud Nahshon Bartholomew Rufus Not referenced as a belief system in the New Testament. Tryphaena Drusilla Nicolaus Priscilla Decapolis Pisidia Balaam Barak Quirinius Salamis Satan Benjamin Latin John the Baptist John Hezron Addi Phoenix Jews Stachys Israelites Eber Levitical Damaris Arimathea Melchizedek Joseph Trophimus Gamaliel Samson Levite Ephesian Barsabbas Moloch Abraham Job Tertullus Gideon Jairus Agrippa Idumea Jehoshaphat Olivet Judean Festus Canaanite Peleg Gog Cainan Joses Joram Macedonians Macedonia Shem Prochorus Lycaonian Urbanus Jotham Matthan Herodians Theophilus Paulus Melchi Sadducees Pharisees Susanna Hymenaeus Aristarchus Lysanias Fair Havens Titius Timon Tertius Rhoda Rhesa Immanuel Timothy Jonam Jesse Pudens Sidon Peter Syria Lot Ananias Apphia Azor Maath Sovereign David Herod Augustus Roman Distinguished from Jews not by different beliefs, but by special roles related to observation of temple worship. Levites Lycaonia Cornelius Rome Syracuse Lystra Hermes Almighty Pontus Armageddon Phlegon Zenas Not referenced as a belief system in the New Testament. Abaddon Galatians Cappadocia Crispus Omega Joshua Andrew Sapphira Annas Samuel Reu Simon Judaism Jannai Epaenetus Herodias Luke Miletus Zeus Zion Peter Simon Peter Cephas The state or place of the dead. SUO restricts use of GeographicArea to places on the earth. Hades Jezebel Philippians Philippi Israel Greece Cain Parthians Zerah Amminadab Issachar Samos Malta Salome Nain Levi Cleopas Asians Judas Laodicea Midian Artemis Ephraim Passover Nicanor Zebulun Mahalaleel Nahor Tabitha Malchus Persis Paphos Felix Salmon Chios Elizabeth Ethiopian Freedmen Not referenced as a belief system in the New Testament. Barachiah Galileans Azotus Egyptians Chaldeans Bar-Jonah Thessalonians Pentecost Lydda Syrtis Niger Galilee Zebedee Gentiles Publius Achaia Rhegium Phanuel Gaius Tyre Canaan Abiud Syrian Smyrna Tryphosa Aristobulus Apollonia Jew Kish Philip Corinth Sharon Onesiphorus Neri Archippus Archelaus Elisha Sychar Matthat Gentile Cyprus Apelles Illyricum Lois Siloam Assos Puteoli Elymas Thaddaeus Eli Reuben Rahab Asher Nazarene Christian Gabbatha Josech Enos Linus Sceva Cos Appius Theudas Asaph Daniel Zechariah Gabriel Corinthians Philetus Assassins Alphaeus Abel Joanan Libya Aeneas Sergius Scythian Taverns Achim Semein Spain Bethlehem Jeremiah Alexander Samothrace Tamar Uzziah Nineveh Derbe Scripture Joel Eutychus Cyrenians Artemas Achaicus Bar-Jesus Porcius Salmone Sardis Lamech James Isaac Bithynia Jannes Zealot Eliezer Nahum Macedonian Rhodes Pamphylia Euodia Cretans Zacchaeus Gomorrah Stephanas Cilicia Mesopotamia Silvanus Silas Sopater Nympha Perez Phrygia Dalmatia Balak Terah Egyptian Gennesaret Diotrephes Michael Erastus Jephthah Lycia Olympas Trachonitis Gad Rebecca Boaz Barnabas Nazarenes Admin One of Jesus' Twelve Apostles Pyrrhus Julia Thyatira Titus Martha Judea Mnason Salim Tarsus Jared Menna Solomon Patmos Attalia Medes Carpus One of Paul's companions, also called John Mark. John Mark Mark Andronicus Cosam Arphaxad Caesarea Galilean Sabbath Mattatha Hezekiah Laodiceans Demas Er Secundus Sosthenes Mary Magdalene Arabians Clopas Lydia Hierapolis Salem